Lugovtsov/4.3.2-light-difraction-liquid-ultrasonic/lab.ipynb

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2023-02-28 13:50:28 +03:00
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"id": "80b69570-3c97-4533-a6e0-f5e254110784",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# %load ../processing_tools.py\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"from scipy.optimize import curve_fit\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"import matplotlib\n",
"import scienceplots\n",
"\n",
"plt.style.use(['science', 'russian-font'])\n",
"\n",
"matplotlib.rcParams.update({\n",
" 'figure.figsize': [6, 4],\n",
" 'savefig.facecolor': 'white',\n",
" 'figure.dpi': 150.0,\n",
" 'font.size': 12.0,\n",
"})\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "287d428d-047c-4f87-a3d2-dd87b14ed429",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"При увеличении частоты УЗ волн расстояние между полосами увеличивается"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "212f0889-b035-48c6-a902-5e3696c27e61",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"source": [
"**Расстояние между наиболее чёткими дифракционными картинами**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"id": "8c92872b-c1dc-4c49-abdb-5a0542e1312c",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1480"
]
},
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"Lambda = 50+38-14\n",
"Lambda = Lambda * 10 * 2 # в микронах удвоенное +- 1 микрон\n",
"Lambda"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"id": "2c9f8b3b-7b1f-4faa-9023-3df478639296",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"Lambda = Lambda * 1e-6 # длина УЗ волны в м\n",
"nu = 1.0597e6 # частота в Гц"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b88d6dd1-d1bf-4c97-a4df-4871c71f67ce",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Скорость звука в воде по формуле (5)**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"id": "c35de00f-1ab3-4579-bacc-e89f0b418170",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1568.356"
]
},
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = Lambda * nu\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 78,
"id": "b3c5aa79-04a1-45fa-bb19-5c80c1572092",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"nu1_array = [1.059, 2.898, 1.210, 2.951, 0.902, 0.294, 0.439, 0.669]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "85ef9674-6620-4502-bf4b-0bb38992e729",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 1.059 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "fe1d15a4-ceb7-47a0-b5d0-b7656bd0ec70",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 2\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 36\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 72\\\\\n",
"x_3 = 108\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -34\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -69\\\\\n",
"x_{-3} = -106\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4f527e6e-6357-4761-ab15-8c9f3a34e9fe",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 2.898 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2c26c050-f0a9-418c-900c-08529a83c9e0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 1\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 101\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 199\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -96\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -194\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "997e6466-fb25-4c58-a71a-c35f4c793e06",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 1.210 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4acf8536-c6fa-438e-b4ef-fae6556cfef6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 0\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 42\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 81\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -40\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -81\\\\\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7e92b56b-97c6-40bb-a3ac-b72dd13998b7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 2.951 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2fa4ffe2-ee6b-4c84-a51b-fdc905077a24",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 0\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 99\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -98\\\\\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d3d4954a-4c31-44d8-86ff-e4b962d8e86f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 0.902 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ea4264d1-7513-4c15-a010-bc728f64657c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 1\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 30\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 61\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -29\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -58\\\\\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "26c016eb-8bbb-4b46-9d09-7ae1ad05fa32",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 0.294 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d36ca07f-0c0e-4133-809d-def10c8f36c8",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 0\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 9\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -10\\\\\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4c11169f-71dc-4bf0-8ff7-7a55a867f304",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 0.439 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "148198ad-81a0-4f03-bc3c-be40e844c496",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 0\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 16\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 30\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -14\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -29\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c7011dfa-0db8-4cff-bbb8-cc4e42836911",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Положения максимумов на частоте 0.669 МГц** в делениях винта (цена -- 4 мкм, погр 4 мкм)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1fb67b5f-e282-4690-a63e-af9f04c4798f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"$\n",
"x_0 = 0\\\\\n",
"x_1 = 23\\\\\n",
"x_2 = 46\\\\\n",
"x_{-1} = -24\\\\\n",
"x_{-2} = -47\n",
"$"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 153,
"id": "eae1dcdf-7f12-4cc0-b47c-950502dbd13b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x_array = np.array([\n",
" (1.059, 3, [-106, -69, -34, 2, 36, 72, 108]),\n",
" (2.898, 2, [-194, -96, 1, 101, 199]),\n",
" (1.210, 2, [-81, -40, 0, 42, 81]),\n",
" (2.951, 1, [-98, 0, 99]),\n",
" (0.902, 2, [-58, -29, 1, 30, 61]),\n",
" (0.294, 1, [-10, 0, 9]),\n",
" (0.439, 2, [-29, -14, 0, 16, 30]),\n",
" (0.669, 2, [-47, -24, 0, 23, 46])\n",
"],\n",
"dtype=[('frequency', 'f4'), ('count', 'i4'), ('data', 'O')])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 156,
"id": "41a7b293-8c70-4827-ba1c-434f514099ef",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x_array.sort(0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 195,
"id": "e4bb6e63-0945-4fb8-86e2-a122a27342b5",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"text/plain": [
"<Figure size 900x600 with 1 Axes>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"for x in x_array:\n",
" count = x['count']\n",
" m = np.linspace(-count, count, count * 2 + 1, dtype=np.int32)\n",
" y = 4 * np.array(x['data'])\n",
" y = y - y[count]\n",
" \n",
" plt.errorbar(m, y, yerr=4, label=f'${x[\"frequency\"]:.2f}$ MHz', marker='.')\n",
" \n",
"plt.xlabel('Номер максимума', fontsize='small')\n",
"plt.ylabel('Расстояние до центрального максимума, мкм', fontsize='small')\n",
"plt.legend(frameon=True, fontsize='x-small')\n",
"plt.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4a240cce-bfaf-4f8b-becf-17e1f7724fba",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Полоса пропускания красного фильтра 6400+-200 ангстрем"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "93ae12dd-e34d-4c95-8d84-01143f295a3e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"f = 110mm"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8f2cf984-3d42-47ee-8a62-192a82cf2681",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Цена деления окулярной шкалы микроскопа, мм**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"id": "12c3dde5-0b52-40dc-a429-9a49c74b1f69",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"k = 2 / 43"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"id": "76535139-d7f7-4c73-ade2-e7863670a863",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"Lambda_temn = 2 * 92 / 7 # длина волны по методу темн поля в делениях оклулярной шкалы\n",
"Lambda_temn = Lambda_temn * k * 1e-3\n",
"nu_temn = 1.243e6 # частота МГц"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"id": "ec9b502b-0f79-4140-a9ba-93b127b826c5",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1519.6810631229237"
]
},
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"v = Lambda_temn * nu_temn\n",
"v"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1f17c9bd-be39-4db9-9405-53e52926a870",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Для разных частот"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "raw",
"id": "f873a8cd-6e7f-4529-aa41-721b9c045198",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"lambda[del]/2,nu[MHz]\n",
"27.33,0.599\n",
"22.00,0.708\n",
"17.60,0.901\n",
"15.33,1.023\n",
"13.14,1.243\n",
"5.53,2.889\n",
"5.33,2.980"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5eed1189-92d8-4317-9b40-e0a9ea938af2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"При перемещении проволоки стало ничего не видно"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "17885155-3769-426f-8be1-62ad3275d077",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Второе явление обяснить"
]
}
],
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